![]() The pull to make the bend is exerted in a direction parallel to the surface of, the bending slab. Hot bends are made on a bending slab (fig. When bending steel and some other piping materials, you can control wrinkles and flat spots by first overbending, the pipe slightly and then pulling the end back (fig. Another advantage of bending in segments is that this is almost the only way you can follow a wire template accurately. If the bend area is divided into a number of segments and then bent in segments, the stretch will occur at the center of each segment and thus be spread more evenly over the bend area. When a pipe is bent, the stretch tends to occur at the middle of the bend. If the pipe is properly packed and properl y heated, wrinkles and flat spots can be prevented by bending the pipe in segments so that the stretch is spread evenly over the whole bend area. Flat spots are caused by lack of support for the pipe wall, by stretch in the heel (outside) of the bend, or by improper heating. ![]() ![]() Wrinkles are caused by compression of the pipe wall at the throat (inside) of the bend. ![]() The main problem you will have in bending copper tubing and pipe is preventing wrinkles and flat spots.
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